2021高考but考点用法总结

一、but简介

but既可用作连词、介词、副词、关系代词，还有一些习惯搭配和固定用法。现将其用法归纳如下：

二、but用作连词

1.用作等立连词，使前后的词、短语、从句相互对照，作“但是；然而；可是”解。

He is good at speaking but poor at writing.他善于说而不善于写。

He looked but saw nothing.他看了，可是什么也没看见。

They all went but I didn’t.他们都去了，可是我没去。

2.常用于否定句或带有否定意义的句子之后和that引出的句子之前，作“而不”解。

I never think of summer but I think of swimming.一想到夏天，我就会想起游泳。

No man is so old but that he may learn.

没有人因为年龄太大而不能学习。

3.相当于if…not，作“若不；要不是；除非”解（常用but that形式）。

Nothing would content him but I must come.只有我来，才能使他满意。

I would go abroad but that I am poor.要不是我穷的话，我就会到国外去。

4.相当于that，有时用but that形式，无实际语义，常用于否定词加doubt，question等词之后。

There is no question but he will succeed.他无疑会成功。

He cannot deny（but）that is was his fault.他无法否认那是他的过错。

5.用于say、think、know等动词的否定或疑问形式后，起否定作用，有时也与that一起用，作“竟；至于”解。

I cannot say but（that）you may be perfect.我不能说你可能不是完人。

Don’t you think but I’d know a rabbit from a big white cat?你真的认为我连兔子和大白猫都分不清吗?

6.作“除去”解。

Who but he would do such a thing?除了他还有谁会干这种事情呢?

7.相当于that，无实际语义，后常跟主语从句，表示一种可能性。

It is ten to one but we’ll overfulfil our production.我们十之八九会超额完成生产任务的。

8.用于表示歉意的话语后，表示有礼貌地拒绝或不赞成。

Sorry，but could you tell me the way to the station?对不起，你能告诉我去车站怎么走吗?

I’m sorry，but I disagree with you.对不起，我不同意你的意见。

Excuse me，but can you tell me how to do it?很抱歉，能否告诉我怎么做?

三、but用作介词，作“除……外”解

1.与不定代词连用

I have told everybody but her.除了她，我谁都告诉了。

All but one came to the meeting.除一人外全都到会了。

2.与否定词，如no，nobody，nothing，none等连用。

He eats nothing but fruit.他除了水果外什么都不吃。

No one but him showed much interest in the proposal.除他以外别无一人对此建议感兴趣。

3.与疑问词连用

Who but him would do such a thing?除他以外还有谁会干这种事?

Whose fault is it but your own?除了你自己还能是谁的错?

4.与数词连用

He was the last but two to arrive.他是倒数第三个到达的。

Take the next turning but two on your left.在你左方第三个转弯处拐弯。

5.与动词不定式连用时，but前若有实义动词do的某种形式，but后的动词不定式就不带to；若无则带to。

We had no choice but to wait.除了等待我们别无选择。

He did nothing all day but watch TV.一整天他除了看电视就无所事事。

五、but用作副词，作“只不过；才；只得；至少”解

Life is but an empty dream.人生不过是一场梦。

He left but an hour ago.他一小时前才离开。

The last train having gone，I could but take the bus.最后一班火车开走了，我只得乘公共汽车。

You can but try.你至少可以试试。

提示：but表示“只不过”的意思时，会有轻视的意味。此外，but表示“只得”或“至少”的意思时，常与can，could连用。

六、but用作关系代词，作“没有不……的”（相当于who…not，that…not，which…not）解，引导定语从句

There is no one but knows it.（=There is no one who does not know it.）没有人不知道这件事。

No one visited the exhibition but（=who was not）deeply impressed.参观过这个展览会的人没有不留下深刻印象的。

七、but的习惯用语

1.but for=without意为“要不是；没有”，相当于一个虚拟条件句。

But for your help，I should have failed.如果没有你的帮助，我便失败了。

But for the rain，we would have a pleasant journey.要不是下雨，我们这次旅行会很惬意.

2.but that=except that意为“若非；要不是”。

He would have helped me but that he was short of money at that time.要不是他那时没钱，他会帮助我的。

3.can not（…）but意为“只得；只能”。

I could not but accept the invitation.我只好接受了邀请。

4.not that…but（that）意为“不是……而是……”。

Not that he could do it，but that he had no time.不是他做不了这件事，而是他没有空做。

5.not only…but also…意为“不但……而且……”，连接两个并列成分。

He not only teaches us English but also does other things.他不但教我们英语而且还干别的事情。

Not only you but also she has to attend the meeting.不但你而且她也必须参加这次会议。

6.but too意为“十分；非常”。

They are but too glad to do so.他们非常喜欢这样做。

7.all but意为“差不多”。

This gas is all but yellow.这种气体是近乎黄色的。

8.can’t help but…意为“不能不……；忍不住……”。

I can’t help but cry.我忍不住哭了。